美国成人乙肝现状和一些乙肝知识（中英文）

Facts About Hepatitis B For Adults
成人乙肝实情（微笑的鱼翻译，谢谢）

What is hepatitis B?
Hepatitis B is caused by a highly contagious virus that infects the liver. It affects all age groups and can lead to liver disease, liver cancer and death in many of those afflicted. The virus is found in the blood and body fluids of infected people and can be spread through sexual contact, the sharing of needles or razors, from mother to infant during birth, and by living in a household with a chronically infected person. The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is hardy and can live outside the body for several days.
什么是乙肝？
乙肝是由一种高度传染性的嗜肝细胞病毒感染所致。这种病毒可以侵犯任何年龄组，导致肝脏损害、肝癌和死亡。病毒存在于患者的血液和体液中并通过性接触、共用针头和剃须刀而传播，也可通过母－婴垂直传播和家庭密切接触而传播。HBV可以在体外存活数天。

Prevention
Safe, effective hepatitis B vaccines are available. The vaccines are used to protect everyone from newborn babies to older adults. The vaccination series, generally given as 3 doses over a 6 month period, protects those at risk and contributes to the elimination of this silent, highly infectious killer. The hepatitis B vaccine is recognized as the first anti-cancer vaccine because it can prevent liver cancer caused by hepatitis B infection.
预防
可以使用安全而有效的乙肝疫苗。疫苗可以保护包括新生儿、老人在内的任何人。通常采用“3剂6月”的方法进行注射以保护那些易感人群免遭这种无声的、高度传染性杀手的侵犯。乙肝疫苗也是第1中“抗癌疫苗”――因为其可以预防乙肝导致肝癌。

Symptoms
Hepatitis B is a "silent disease" that often affects many people without making them feel sick. If you do get sick from hepatitis B, the symptoms may be like the "flu." You may lose your appetite, feel extremely tired, have stomach cramps and vomit. If you are more seriously ill, your skin and eyes may turn yellow (jaundiced) and you may need hospitalization. There is no specific treatment for hepatitis B once it is contracted.
症状
乙肝是一种“无声的疾病”（这里是指乙肝通常没有明显的症状――译者注）以至于许多人没有意识到这是一种病。乙肝的症状有点像“流感”－纳差、明显的乏力、恶心和呕吐。重的会出现皮肤和巩膜的黄染（黄疸）这种情况下就需要住院治疗了，但是针对乙肝目前尚无特效的治疗方法。

Vaccine Safety
Hepatitis B vaccine is safe and effective. You cannot get hepatitis B from the vaccine. The most common side effect of the vaccine is soreness at the injection site. As with any medicine, there are very small risks that serious problems could occur after getting a vaccine. However, the potential risks associated with hepatitis B disease are much greater than the potential risks associated with the hepatitis B vaccine.

疫苗的安全性
乙肝疫苗是安全而有效的，它可以保护你不得乙肝。最常见得负反应是注射部位得疼痛，和其它药物一样，极少部分人会出现一些严重的反应，但和乙肝导致得危害相比，疫苗的危险要小得多。

Who should get hepatitis B vaccine?

Sexually active heterosexual adults with more than one sex partner in the prior 6 months or a recently acquired sexually transmitted disease.
People who have clotting factor disorders such as hemophilia.
People whose jobs potentially expose them to human blood or body fluids. This includes most healthcare and some public safety workers, as well as some athletes, coaches and teachers.
People living or having sexual contact with others who are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus.
Adolescents who have not been immunized against hepatitis B.
Children (under 7 years old) of immigrants and refugees from areas where HBV infection rates are high, and household contacts of adopted children, immigrants and refugees who have chronic HBV infection.
Alaska Natives and Pacific Islanders.
Illicit injection drug users.
International travelers to areas where HBV infection rates are high who will stay in these areas for more than 6 months and have close contact with local persons, who stay for shorter durations and may have sexual contact with local persons, or who perform medical procedures in these areas.
Clients and staff of institutions for the developmentally disabled.
Hemodialysis patients.
Men who have sex with men.
Long-term male prison inmates.
哪些人需要注射疫苗？
性行为活跃的并且最近6月内有不止一个性伙伴的，或者最近得了性传播性疾病的（STD）
有凝血因子障碍疾病（如：血友病）的患者
工作有可能接触人得血液或体液的人，包括大部分的卫生行业、一些公众安全工作者、以及运动员、教练员和教师。
和乙肝患者生活或有性接触的人
没有注射过乙肝疫苗的青少年
移民和收容所中从乙肝高发区来的儿童（<7岁），以及接触过感染了HBV的被收养的儿童，移民和被收容的人
阿拉斯加州和太平洋岛屿的居民
违法的静脉药瘾者
前往乙肝高发区旅游时间超过6个月且和当地人有密切接触者、或者时间虽然没有6个月但和当地人有性接触者、或去这些地区进行医疗活动者。
支援发展中国家的公共机构的工作人员和委托人（本人试译）
血液透析的患者
同性恋者
长期服役男犯人

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FACT: Hepatitis B can be prevented with a safe and effective vaccine.

FACT: You cannot get hepatitis B from the hepatitis B vaccine.

FACT: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infects nearly 80,000 people in the U.S. each year, 80% of HBV infections occur among adults and 8% among adolescents.

FACT: Nearly one-third of those who become infected with HBV do not know how they got the disease.

FACT: Even if a person infected with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) does not feel sick, he or she can still infect others.

FACT: Some people who contract HBV carry it for a long time and may continue to infect others without knowing it.

FACT: Medicare B will pay up to 80% of the cost for hepatitis B vaccination for qualifying individuals.

FACT: Hepatitis B killed over 5,000 in the U.S. in 1999. Death from cirrhosis (liver scarring) or liver cancer often occurs after infection has been present for a long time.

FACT: HBV is found in blood and other body fluids such as semen and vaginal secretions. It is 100 times more infectious than HIV, the virus that causes AIDS.

FACT: HBV can be transmitted by sexual contact. Hepatitis B is the only sexually transmitted disease for which there is a vaccine that offers protection.

FACT: Infants born to women with HBV infection have a very high chance of getting hepatitis B from their mothers.

FACT: The hepatitis B vaccine is recognized as the first anti-cancer vaccine, because it can prevent primary liver cancer caused by hepatitis B infection.

实情：乙肝疫苗可以可以安全有效的预防感染乙肝病毒

实情：每年美国感染hbv的约为80，000个，其中80％的被感染者是成人，20％是青少年
约1/3的被感染者不知道他们是怎么被感染上的

实情：被感染者即使没有症状，也可以继续感染别人

实情：一些长期携带HBV的人可能在不知不觉中继续感染他人

实情：保险部门B将适合注射疫苗的人承担80％的费用

实情：1999年美国超过5000人死于乙肝，死于HBV感染后所致的肝硬化和肝癌的人也很多

实情：HBV病毒存在于血液，也存在于精液和阴道分泌物等体液中，HBV的传染性比引起艾滋病的HIV病毒强100倍以上。

实情：HBV可通过性接触而传播，乙肝是唯一的可以通过疫苗而预防的性传播性疾病

实情：母亲为HBV感染者，则她所生的新生儿很大可能会被感染（但目前医学手段能有效预防）

实情：乙肝疫苗被认为是第一个抗癌疫苗，因为其能够预防HBV所致的原发性肝癌

National Coalition for Adult Immunization
4733 Bethesda Avenue, Suite 750
Bethesda, MD 20814-5228

国家成人防疫联盟
Bethesda大街4733号，750号套房
马里兰州Bethsda市，20814-5228